Supplication · 8 AH, before the march on Makkah
O Allah, take eyes and ears from the Quraysh so that we may take them by surprise in their land.
Prayed after he told the people that he was going to Makkah.
~c. 630 CE, 25 years after the Ka'bah's rebuilding · 8 AH
Details differ across the sources
Several details differ between the classical reports: who received the Ansar's banner from Sa'd ibn Ubadah RA (Ali RA in Ibn Ishaq; in al-Bukhari Zubayr RA carries the Prophet ﷺ's flag); where Khalid RA entered; whether the Prophet ﷺ prayed inside the Ka'bah; the names and number of those excluded from the amnesty; how Ikrimah came to Islam; and the length of the stay (nineteen days or fifteen nights).
In brief
The Conquest of Makkah in Ramadan 8 AH was the Prophet ﷺ's return to the city that had driven him out eight years earlier, and it was achieved almost without bloodshed. It was triggered when the Banu Bakr, backed by the Quraysh, attacked the Khuza'a, allies of the Muslims, in breach of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. Abu Sufyan travelled to Madinah to repair the treaty and was refused. The Prophet ﷺ then raised an army of more than 10,000 in secret and marched on Makkah in nine days. On the eve of the entry Abu Sufyan was brought into the Muslim camp and accepted Islam, and the Prophet ﷺ declared a general amnesty for anyone who stayed home, entered the Haram or entered Abu Sufyan's house. The army entered the city on 20 Ramadan against only brief resistance. The Prophet ﷺ rode to the Ka'bah, destroyed the idols around and inside it, and told the assembled Quraysh, "Go your way, for you are the freed ones." Only a handful of named individuals were excluded from the amnesty, and in the end only four were killed. He then took the people's pledge, stayed nineteen days teaching the new Muslims and sending parties to destroy the idols of the surrounding region, and Makkah became a Muslim city. Ta'if, still pagan, remained to be dealt with.
Outcome: The Prophet ﷺ abolished every claim of the Jahiliyyah except the custody of the Ka'bah and the watering of the pilgrims, and returned the key of the Ka'bah to Uthman ibn Talha, saying, "Here is your key; today is a day of good faith" (Ibn Ishaq). The people of Makkah were let go as "the freed ones", and of the few excluded from the amnesty, four were killed.
The Conquest fulfilled the Prophet ﷺ's own du'a for secrecy over an army that had grown from the 300 who fought at Badr scarcely six years earlier to more than 10,000, concealed from a city an hour's march away until the moment of arrival, and Muslims read this as decisive confirmation that "the ultimate outcome belongs to the righteous" (Qur'an 11:49) and that Allah's promise, "I and My messengers will certainly prevail" (Qur'an 58:21), had been fulfilled. Unusually among conquests in history, it cost almost no bloodshed and left no booty, prisoners, or land seized, a restraint Muslims take as itself part of the sign. The Hatib episode became a touchstone for later scholarship on the status of a Muslim who aids an enemy against fellow Muslims. Where some scholars (including Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Ahmad Muhammad Shakir) held that any such aid is itself an act of kufr, Ibn Taymiyyah drew a narrower line: aiding an enemy out of personal motive (protecting one's family, as with Hatib) without love for the enemy as such remains a grave sin short of disbelief, whereas aiding them out of genuine affection for their cause is kufr regardless of motive. The Prophet ﷺ's own ruling, that Hatib's participation at Badr outweighed his lapse, is also read as a specific, non-generalizable exception rather than a template: most scholars hold that no later spy could invoke Hatib's case for the same leniency. The Conquest is paired in the tradition with the earlier Incident of Ta'if as the two poles of the Prophet ﷺ's mercy: forgiving both as a powerless, persecuted man alone in Ta'if and as the undisputed conqueror of Makkah. His refusal to see his cousins Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith and Abdullah ibn Abi Umayyah until they pleaded sincerely, set against his effectively unconditional pardon of the city as a whole, is read the same way: mercy as the general rule, tempered by real limits rather than indiscriminate softness. Even the handful denied blanket amnesty bear this out, more than half of the nine named, including Ikrimah, Abdullah ibn Sa'd, Habbar, Sarah, and Wahshi, were later pardoned once they sought it, so that the conquest's severity fell only on the narrowest, most personal betrayals. The near-simultaneous conversion of al-Abbas RA, by a weak report the last Muhajir, and Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, the last great chief of the Quraysh, is presented as a vivid instance of Allah's qadr: within a century and a half, their descendants would found the Abbasid and Umayyad dynasties, ruling the Muslim world between them for the better part of a millennium; neither man aware, on the night they met, of what would come from that meeting. Returning the Ka'bah's keys to Uthman ibn Talha over Ali RA's proposal that the custodianship go to Banu Hashim is read as a direct enactment of Qur'an 4:58's command to return trusts to their rightful owners, precedent for the custodianship's remaining with the Banu Abd al-Dar to this day, and a marker that the Conquest was not used to redistribute power toward the Prophet ﷺ's own clan. The Conquest also stands as the source event for several rulings still followed in fiqh: the one-third ceiling on a bequest outside the Qur'anic heirs, the principle that whatever is unlawful to use is also unlawful to sell, the presumption of legitimacy for a child born to a married couple, and, for most scholars, the point at which mut'ah marriage was finally and permanently prohibited. The wave of tribal delegations that followed across Arabia is treated in the tradition as the clearest practical proof that resistance to Islam had ended with the fall of its central city. Surah al-Nasr, revealed about the Conquest, was later understood by Ibn Abbas RA (in an interpretation Umar ibn al-Khattab RA endorsed before the elder sahaba) as also signaling that the Prophet ﷺ's death was now near, making the Conquest's triumph inseparable, in the Qur'an's own framing, from its being close to the end of his mission.
The Conquest of Makkah·Chapter 7 of 17The entry
See the whole storyThe Life of the Prophet ﷺ·Chapter 10 of 12Madinah
See the whole storyThe attack on the Khuza'a, allies of the Prophet ﷺ under the treaty, was taken as its breach.
Abu Sufyan came to renew the treaty and went home with nothing.
The Banu Bakr, with Quraysh help, killed Khuza'a men at the well of al-Watir.
Amr ibn Salim's verses in the mosque of Madinah asked the Prophet ﷺ to honour his grandfather's pact.
Ka'b, whose blood had been declared forfeit, came to Madinah with his poem of apology.
Word came during the nineteen days in Makkah that Hawazin and Thaqif were gathering.
Abu Sufyan came out to see the fires in the valley and became a Muslim the next morning.
Al-Abbas met the army at Juhfa and turned back with it.
Khalid was sent to Nakhla during the nineteen days in Makkah.
The letter that would have warned Makkah was taken from a rider's hair on the road.
One of the expeditions sent out from Makkah after the conquest.
Umayr ibn Wahab brought the Prophet ﷺ's turban to Jeddah as a token of safety.
Other events recorded in 8 AH. Their order within the year is not established; use the storyline above for the sequence.
The Prophet ﷺ prays that his plan stay hidden, and Jibril AS tells him of the letter on its way to Makkah.
O Allah, take eyes and ears from the Quraysh so that we may take them by surprise in their land.
Prayed after he told the people that he was going to Makkah.
From Hatib ibn Abi Balta'ah to Quraysh. Beware! The Muslims are coming!
Ali and al-Zubayr found this letter hidden in the braids of the woman carrying it, before she could deliver it to the Quraysh.
Such-and-such a lady has a letter that will tell the Quraysh of your plan: go and search her.
Hatib ibn Abi Balta'ah had secretly sent a letter warning the Quraysh of the Prophet ﷺ's plan to conquer Makkah, carried by a woman messenger.
O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! He has betrayed Allah, His Messenger ﷺ and the believers. Let me cut off his neck!
Umar RA's first request to execute Hatib: made the moment Hatib confessed to writing the letter warning the Quraysh, on the charge of hypocrisy.
What made you do this?
The Prophet ﷺ's question to Hatib after he confessed to writing the letter warning the Quraysh of the march on Makkah.
I was a man not belonging to the Quraysh but an ally of theirs, with no blood relation to them, and all the Emigrants with you have kinsmen in Makkah who protect their families and property. So I wanted to do them a favour so that they would protect my relatives. I did not do this to leave my religion or to choose unbelief after Islam.
He has spoken the truth; do not say to him anything but good.
O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! He has betrayed Allah, His Messenger ﷺ and the believers. Let me cut off his neck!
Umar RA's second request to execute Hatib: this time for the crime of treason, now that Hatib's explanation had cleared him of the earlier suspicion of hypocrisy.
Is he not one of the people of Badr? Perhaps Allah looked at the people of Badr and said, "Do whatever you like, for I have granted Paradise to you," or He said, "I have forgiven you."
Allah and His Messenger ﷺ know best.
Umar wept upon hearing this.
I don't know what you are talking about.
Her denial when Ali and Zubayr caught up with her caravan at Rawdatu Khakh and asked for the letter Jibril had told the Prophet ﷺ she was carrying.
I swear by Allah, neither has the Prophet ﷺ been lied to, nor have we been lied to. Either you hand it over, or we will strip you and search you completely.
Turn around.
Spoken before she untied her braided hair to hand over the letter, even in this tense moment, she kept her modesty and would not be seen with her hair uncovered.
Ten thousand leave Madinah in Ramadan; al-Abbas and the cousins meet the army on the road.
Setting out from Makkah with my family to complete my Hijrah, not knowing the Muslims' army was already marching on Makkah, and declaring my Islam to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ here at Juhfa.
Go and take care of your family, and then come and join us quickly.
Said to al-Abbas at Juhfa.
You are the last of the Muhajirun just like I am the last of the Messengers.
Said to his uncle al-Abbas.
Can you go and intercede on our behalf in front of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ?
Asked of his sister Umm Salamah RA, seeking her intercession with the Prophet ﷺ for himself and his cousin Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith.
O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, your cousin and your brother-in-law are here.
I have no use for them. As for my cousin, he has wounded my pride; and as for my aunt's son and brother-in-law, he spoke insultingly of me in Makkah.
If you don't let me come in, I swear by Allah, my son and I will leave here, go into the desert, and die a miserable death!
Said raising the hand of his young son Ja'far, knowing the Prophet ﷺ could hear him.
هداني هاد غير نفسي ودلني إلى الله من طردت كل مطرد
I could not guide myself, and he who with Allah overcame me was he whom I had driven away with all my might.
A line from the poem of repentance Abu Sufyan recited before the Prophet ﷺ, as recorded in Ibn Ishaq, after being granted an audience.
You did indeed!
Striking Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith on the chest as he recited "he whom I had driven away with all my might".
Accepted Islam at the hands of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, my apology received after mocking him for so long.
Accepted Islam at the hands of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, alongside my cousin Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith.
Abu Sufyan comes out to see who is camped in the valley, and goes home a Muslim.
We will camp here, so go ahead and light your fires.
Oh, what an evil morning it is for the Quraysh if the Messenger of Allah ﷺ enters Makkah by force and attacks Makkah before they come to him and submit; it shall be their destruction for all eternity.
Al-Abbas's own later account, as recorded in Ibn Ishaq, of his thoughts as he went out that night to persuade the Quraysh to submit peacefully.
These, by Allah, are the fires of Khuza'a, which war has kindled.
Said to Abu Sufyan ibn Harb on seeing the plain lit with the Muslim army's fires.
Khuza'a are too poor and too few to have fires and a camp like these.
Ya Aba Hanzala!
Al-Abbas calling out by kunya on recognizing Abu Sufyan ibn Harb's voice in the dark.
Abu al-Fadl? O Abu al-Fadl, what are you doing here?
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ is here with his army. If he takes you, he will behead you.
What can I do? What do you advise me?
Come with me and I shall ask the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to forgive and protect you. I will intercede on behalf of you in front of him.
This is al-Abbas, on the mule of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
As they passed the Muslim fires at night, those who challenged them saw the Prophet ﷺ's uncle on his mule and let them pass.
Abu Sufyan the enemy of Allah? Alhamdulillah! Allah has given you to me without any covenant or treaty!
O Umar, he is under my protection.
Let me take off his head.
No, he is under my protection.
Stop it, O Umar! For wallahi, if he were from the Banu Adi, you would never want to kill him! But because he is from the Banu Abd Manaf, you are brave enough to do this!
Careful, ya Abbas. Wallahi, your acceptance of Islam the day that you accepted it was more beloved to me than my own father Khattab having accepted Islam had he been alive.
O Abbas, take Abu Sufyan to your tent, and bring him to me tomorrow morning.
O Abu Sufyan, isn't it time for you to acknowledge la ilaha illallah?
The next morning, after Abu Sufyan spent the night in al-Abbas's tent.
May my mother and father be given in ransom for you. How gentle are you, how merciful are you, and how fulfilling are you to the ties of kinship! As for this, had there been any other gods besides Allah, I would have seen them help me by now.
May my mother and father be given in ransom for you. How gentle are you, how merciful are you, and how fulfilling are you to the ties of kinship. As for this matter, I am still hesitant.
O Abu Sufyan, either accept or you will get killed!
Said the shahada, with reluctance, at al-Abbas's urging.
Ya Rasulullah, you know that Abu Sufyan is a man of nobility, give him something to make him feel proud.
He who enters Abu Sufyan's house is safe, and he who locks his door is safe, and he who enters the mosque is safe.
We have no manner of opposing all of them. O Abbas, the kingdom of your nephew has become great!
Said watching the army march past tribe by tribe from the top of the valley, banners flying, ending with the Muhajirun and Ansar around the Prophet ﷺ.
Woe to you. It is not a kingdom. It is prophethood that has brought him this.
Let it be prophethood then.
You had better rush back to Makkah and tell them not to fight.
O tribe of Quraysh! Here is Muhammad ﷺ! He has come to you with an army you can never fight! So come to my house and you will be safe! I was just with Muhammad ﷺ, and I have seen the army. You cannot fight. So go ahead and surrender, and do not take up arms.
Kill this fat greasy bladder of lard! What a rotten protector of the people!
Hind, still a pagan at this point, seized her husband by the moustache in public on hearing him call for surrender.
Woe to you. Don't let her cause you to act rashly, for I tell you an army has come that you cannot fight. Come to my house, you will be safe.
Of what use is your house to all of us?!
Whoever enters the Haram is safe, whoever enters their own house and closes the door is safe, and whoever enters my house is safe.
Four columns, no killing unless attacked, and Umm Hani's protection of her in-laws.
O Abu Sufyan! Today is the day of a great battle, and today what is sacred in the Ka'bah will be made lawful.
How can the Haram become halal?
Sa'd has said what is not so. Rather, today is a day on which Allah will honour the Ka'bah, and a day on which the Ka'bah will be covered.
Took the banner away from Sa'd ibn Ubadah RA and gave it to Zubayr ibn al-Awwam RA to lead the Muhajirun into Makkah.
Do not kill anyone unless they attack you. It is forbidden to kill anybody.
If you see these people, you may kill them.
These were the small number of individuals (including Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahal, Abdullah ibn Khatal, and Wahshi) whom the Prophet ﷺ named and excluded from the general amnesty granted to the rest of Makkah.
I have granted my protection to my in-laws; let no one touch them.
How dare you come between me and them?
Who is that?
I, Umm Hani' bint Abi Talib.
Welcome, O Umm Hani'.
My brother Ali has declared that he will kill men to whom I have granted protection, my in-laws of Banu Makhzum.
O Umm Hani'! We grant protection to the one whom you have granted protection.
After the Prophet ﷺ finished his bath, I saw him pray eight rak'ahs of Salat al-Duha.
Truth has come and falsehood has departed; prayer inside the House, and its keys returned.
May Allah curse them! By Allah, neither Ibrahim nor Isma'il practised divination by arrows.
Said on seeing the pictures of Ibrahim AS and Isma'il AS holding divining arrows in the Ka'bah.
Ibrahim was neither Yahudi nor Nasrani. Rather, he was a pure hanif that was a Muslim; and he was not of the pagans.
جَاءَ الْحَقُّ وَزَهَقَ الْبَاطِلُ ۚ إِنَّ الْبَاطِلَ كَانَ زَهُوقًا
Truth has come, and falsehood has departed. Indeed is falsehood, [by nature], ever bound to depart.
Recited while striking with his stick at the 360 idols around the Ka'bah, which fell.
إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُّبِينًا
Indeed, We have granted you a clear triumph.
Recited on his camel on the day of the Conquest, his head bowed so low in humility that his beard almost touched his saddle, with a red Yemeni turban.
Prayed inside the Ka'bah, with Bilal RA at my side, facing its walls.
لا اله إلا الله وحده ، صدق وعده ، ونصر عبده ، وهزم الأحزاب وحده ، لا اله إلا الله
There is no god but Allah alone; He has no associate. He has made good His promise and helped His servant. He alone has put the confederates to flight.
Spoken standing at the door of the Ka'bah, with the people gathered in the mosque.
Every claim of privilege or blood or property is abolished by me, except the custody of the House and the watering of the pilgrims.
O Quraysh, Allah has taken from you the haughtiness of paganism and its veneration of ancestors. Man springs from Adam, and Adam sprang from dust.
O humanity! Indeed, We created you from a male and a female, and made you into peoples and tribes so that you may get to know one another. Surely, the most noble of you in the Sight of Allah is the most righteous among you. Allah is truly All-Knowing, All-Aware.
O Quraysh, what do you think that I am about to do with you?
Go your way, for you are the freed ones.
The Quraysh had answered, "Good. You are a noble brother, son of a noble brother."
Ya Rasulullah, why don't you make the siqaya and the hijaba together and put it to us?
Go give this to Uthman ibn Talha, and it shall be with him and his descendants until the Day of Judgment. Anybody who tries to take it from him will be a zalim.
Said to Ali ibn Abi Talib after the Conquest of Makkah, on the giving of the Ka'bah's key.
I thought you guys were getting it.
Said to Ali ibn Abi Talib on receiving the key of the Ka'bah, having heard that al-Abbas wanted it for the Banu Hashim.
Were it not for the fact that your people are still new to Islam, I would have rebuilt the Ka'bah in its original structure of Ibrahim AS, and made the door accessible to everybody.
The general amnesty, and the handful who were named.
You have until Asr and only Asr.
Granting the Khuza'a permission to retaliate against the Banu Bakr for their raid at al-Watir, in the immediate aftermath of the Conquest.
Now it has regained its former holiness.
Killed the Muslim freedman sent to serve me on a mission for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and turned murtad; my two singing girls sang satires against the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
Protect me by the honor of the Ka'bah.
Fled to the Ka'bah and wrapped himself in its curtain as the Muslim army entered Makkah.
Kill him.
Executed at the Conquest of Makkah, having composed poetry against the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at Abdullah ibn Khatal's bidding.
Turned murtad after fleeing Madinah, and spread lies that I had dictated changes to the Qur'an while serving as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ's scribe.
Begged Uthman ibn Affan RA, my foster brother, for protection when the Muslim army entered Makkah: he hid me until the city was calm, then brought me before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to beg for pardon.
Yes.
After a long silence, when Uthman RA asked that Abdullah ibn Sa'd be granted immunity.
I kept silent so that one of you might get up and strike off his head!
Ya Rasulullah, why didn't you motion with your eyes?
A prophet does not kill by pointing.
Executed al-Huwayrith ibn Nuqaydh at the Conquest of Makkah, one of those who had insulted the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Makkah.
Listed among those denied amnesty at the Conquest of Makkah for the harm done to Zaynab bint Muhammad ﷺ, yet in time, I repented and was forgiven.
Fled the Conquest of Makkah, then later returned seeking forgiveness, and was pardoned.
We don't have the power to withstand the storm. For sure we will drown. So now is the time to make du'a to Allah, for wallahi, you and I both know that our gods will not help us now.
That was when it struck me. It occurred to me then: if our gods will not help us when we need them, why should we worship them when we don't need them?
Ikrimah later narrated this in his own words.
O Allah, I promise You that if You save me, I will accept Islam. And I will go to Your Messenger ﷺ, put my hand in his hand, and I will find him to be forgiving and merciful.
Returned to Makkah, wrapped my face to hide myself, and made my way through the camp until I stood before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, then uncovered myself, spoke the shahada, and told him the whole story. He ﷺ forgave me and accepted my Islam.
Fled Makkah for Jeddah after failing to fight back, telling my family I would drown myself in the ocean rather than live under this defeat.
O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, please give your protection to Safwan.
I have given him protection.
Give me something that I can show him so that he will believe me.
Gave Umayr the very turban I wore when I entered Makkah, as proof of protection for Safwan.
So, you traitor and liar! Now you are coming to kill me?!
No! I have not come to kill you! Rather, I have come from the best human being who has given you protection!
You are a liar and traitor!
Ya Safwan, I have come to you from the best of all human beings. He is your cousin, he is the most merciful, the most kind. His sharaf is your sharaf, his kingdom is your kingdom, and his izzah is your izzah. And here is his turban, he has sent it to you promising if you come back, you will get protection.
Recognized the Messenger of Allah ﷺ's turban and returned toward Makkah, though still afraid.
How many times do you pray?
5 times a day.
5 times a day?! And he leads you in salah 5 times a day?!
Yes, he leads us in salah 5 times a day.
Ya Muhammad ﷺ! Umayr has come to me saying you have promised me protection! Is this true?
Come down.
No! Until you promise me and you tell me I have two months of protection!
We shall give you four months.
Came down from my horse and spoke with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, granted four months of protection, though I still did not accept Islam.
I don't know anyone still alive who has done more wrong to this man than me. I was at Badr, then Uhud, then Khandaq. Then I showed Muhammad ﷺ harshness at Hudaybiyyah. Now I don't know what he will do to me. So go and beg for forgiveness.
Said to his son Abdullah, whom he sent to beg the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for protection on his behalf.
Ya Rasulullah, my father is asking for protection.
Yes, he is protected by the protection of Allah.
Rejoiced and raced back to tell my father the good news that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had granted him protection.
Truly, this man has been righteous as a young boy, and as an adult.
When Suhayl comes, give him respect, and do not stare at him, for he is a man of intelligence and honor, and he is too intelligent to be ignorant of Islam. If he sees the Truth, he shall accept Islam.
Came before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and was received with courtesy and respect, though I did not accept Islam immediately.
Where are you going?
Ibn al-Zab'ari had begun packing his belongings in Najran, having decided to return to Makkah and accept Islam.
I have decided to accept Islam.
We have come all the way here, and now you are going to abandon me all alone?
Why should I not convert? Why should I remain with this strange tribe? Should I not go back to my own kith and kin, my own cousin? He is the best of all mankind. Why should I not go back to my own abode and house?
That is Ibn al-Zab'ari; and I see from him the nur of Iman.
All praise be to Allah who guided me to Islam. I was your enemy for so long, and I incited through poetry against you. I rode on horses and traveled on camels and walked on foot to oppose you, and I even fled to Najran to avoid you. But Allah still wanted good for me, and I have now come to you as a Muslim. Allah has caused me to realize how ignorant I was, worshiping that which cannot think, worshiping a stone that we sacrifice to, we venerate; but it doesn't even realize it is being worshiped. All praise be to Allah for having guided me to Islam.
Islam wipes away all that you have done in the past.
Three men of the Quraysh mutter at the adhan, and the Prophet ﷺ tells each what he said.
Allah has honoured Asid in not letting him hear this, for it would have enraged him.
If I knew that he was right, I would follow him.
I say nothing. If I were to speak, the very stones would tell him of it.
Said standing beside al-Harith ibn Hisham and Attab ibn Asid, after each had already voiced his own reaction to Bilal RA's adhan atop the Ka'bah.
I know what you said.
Coming out to Abu Sufyan, Attab and al-Harith, and repeating to each his words.
We bear witness that you are the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. There was none with us who could have known this, so that we could say it was he who told you.
Accepted Islam after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ recounted my private remark to him word for word.
O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, how is the revelation revealed to you?
Sometimes it comes like the ringing of a bell, and this form is the hardest of all; then it passes off after I have grasped what is inspired. Sometimes the angel comes in the form of a man and talks to me, and I grasp whatever he says.
Look, wahy is coming.
Saw the state of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as revelation was coming down to him, a privilege granted to me as one of the seniors of the Quraysh.
It pleased us that an intelligent man from the people of the desert should come and ask him, and we would listen.
Anas RA explaining why the Companions welcomed a visitor's questions, since they themselves had been told not to ask without need.
Abu Quhafa led by the hand, and the women's bay'ah without a handshake.
Narrated how my grandfather Abu Quhafa, his sight almost gone, had his youngest daughter take him up Abu Qubays to watch the army come in, and how my father Abu Bakr then brought him to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.
Why did you not leave the old man in his house so that I could come to him there?
It is more fitting that he should come to you than that you should go to him.
Now embracing Islam, brought by my son Abu Bakr to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who stroked my chest and invited me to Islam.
Wallahi, what I would give, even my father's hand, if I could see the hand of Abu Talib in your hand to accept Islam.
Said through tears when the Prophet ﷺ asked why he wept, as Abu Quhafa's hand had just been placed in his to take the oath of allegiance.
Change it with something, but avoid black.
Said of Abu Quhafa's hair and beard, which had turned pigeon white with age.
You shall give me the oath of allegiance: you shall not worship any besides Allah.
By Allah, you lay on us something that you have not laid on the men, and we will carry it out.
Very well. We shall give it to you.
And you shall not steal.
By Allah, I used to take a little of Abu Sufyan's money, and I do not know whether that is lawful for me or not.
As for what is past, it is lawful for you.
Then you are Hind bint Utbah?
I am. Forgive me what is past, and Allah will forgive you.
And you shall not commit zina.
Does a free woman commit adultery, O Messenger of Allah ﷺ?
And don't kill your children.
I brought them up when they were little, and you killed them on the day of Badr when they were grown, so you are the one to know about them!
Laughed immoderately at Hind's reply.
I do not shake hands with women. My word to a hundred women is like my word to one woman.
Said on a separate, later occasion, when a woman came to accept Islam and offered her hand.
Took the oath of allegiance from the women of Quraysh at the Messenger of Allah ﷺ's instruction, since he himself never touched the hand of a woman he was not related to.
By Allah, the hand of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ never touched the hand of any woman; he only took their pledge of allegiance by words.
Aisha RA's own testimony about the Prophet ﷺ's conduct with women.
This is Mujalid, and he will give you a pledge of allegiance for migration.
There is no migration after the Conquest of Makkah, but I will take his pledge of allegiance for Islam.
There is no emigration after the Conquest, but jihad and intention.
Now that he is home, softness has overtaken him for his people.
Now that he has returned here, softness has overtaken him for his people.
The love of his relatives has overtaken him.
Told the Messenger of Allah ﷺ what the Ansar were saying among themselves.
You were saying that love for his city and tenderness towards his people have overpowered this man.
So it was.
فَالْمَحْيَا مَحْيَاكُمْ وَالْمَمَاتُ مَمَاتُكُمْ
No, never. I am a bondman of Allah and His Messenger ﷺ. I migrated towards Allah and towards you. I will live with you, and I will die with you.
By Allah, we said what we said only out of our attachment to Allah and His Messenger ﷺ.
Surely, Allah and His Messenger ﷺ testify to what you say and accept your excuse.
Sermons on the sanctity of the city, the law of inheritance, the idols in every house.
Allah made Makkah holy the day He created the heavens and the earth, and it is holy until the Day of Resurrection. It is not lawful for anyone who believes in Allah and the Last Day to shed blood in it, nor to cut down its trees. It was not lawful to anyone before me, and it will not be lawful to anyone after me; it was lawful for me only at this hour. Now it has regained its former holiness. Let those present tell those who are absent.
Refrain from killing, you men of Khuza'a, for there has been too much killing even if there were profit in it. Since you have killed a man, I will pay his bloodwit. If anyone is killed after this, his people have a choice: they can have his killer's life or the blood money.
Said the day after the Conquest, when men of Khuza'a killed Ibn al-Athwa' of Hudhayl.
If anyone should say, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ killed men in Makkah," say, "Allah permitted His Messenger ﷺ to do so, but He does not permit you."
Everyone destroy your own idols; get rid of them.
I'll do it when Muhammad ﷺ is doing tawaf.
Said after hiding a dagger, planning to assassinate the Messenger of Allah ﷺ during his tawaf, when everyone kept their distance and gave him space to circle the Ka'bah alone.
Yes, it is me.
His answer when the Prophet ﷺ turned in the middle of his tawaf and called him by name.
Nothing. I was just doing dhikr of Allah and tawaf.
His answer when the Prophet ﷺ asked him what he had been thinking of doing.
Wallahi, as soon as he placed his hand on my chest, no one was more beloved to me in the whole world than the Prophet ﷺ.
The Prophet ﷺ laughed, told him to seek Allah's forgiveness, and placed his hand on his chest.
Accepted Islam, and the entire plot to assassinate the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was gone.
O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, where will we encamp tomorrow?
Asked during the Conquest, as they approached Makkah.
Has Aqil left for us any house to lodge in?
لا يرث المسلم الكافر، ولا الكافر المسلم
No believer will inherit an unbeliever's property, and no unbeliever will inherit the property of a believer.
Allah and His Messenger ﷺ have forbidden the sale of alcohol, carcasses, pigs and idols.
Said in Makkah in the year of the Conquest.
O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I am wealthy, and I have no heir but a daughter. Shall I give two thirds of my property in charity?
No, too much.
Then half?
No, too much.
How about a third?
One third, and even one third is much. It is better to leave your heirs wealthy than to leave them poor, begging from others.
Ya Rasulullah, she is a very noble lady. Why don't you just forgive her and let her go?
The tribesmen of Banu Makhzum had asked Usama to intercede for a noblewoman of their tribe who had been caught stealing.
Do you intercede in a case connected with Allah's prescribed punishments?
After her punishment, the Makhzumi woman would visit me regularly, and I would relay her requests to the Prophet ﷺ, who granted them.
The nations before you were destroyed because if a noble among them stole, they would let him go, and if a poor person among them stole, they would apply the legal punishment to him. By Him in Whose Hand is my soul, if Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad ﷺ, stole, I would cut off her hand.
Said as a public khutbah, after the Prophet ﷺ had already sharply rebuked Usama ibn Zayd in private for asking him to pardon a noblewoman of Banu Makhzum caught stealing.
This is the son of my brother Utbah, and he has told me that he is his son.
Sa'd RA brought the son of Zam'ah's slave-girl to the Prophet ﷺ, claiming him for his brother Utbah ibn Abi Waqqas; Abd ibn Zam'ah RA claimed the boy as his brother, born on his father's bed.
He is yours, O Abd ibn Zam'ah; he was born on your father's bed. The boy is for the bed, and the stone is for the adulterer.
Later questions about where the Prophet ﷺ prayed inside the Ka'bah.
Where did the Prophet ﷺ pray when he went inside the Ka'bah?
Pointed to where the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had prayed inside the Ka'bah: between the two front pillars.
Ibn Umar RA would go on to always pray in those same spots himself.
لَا يَسْتَوِي مِنكُم مَّنْ أَنفَقَ مِن قَبْلِ الْفَتْحِ وَقَاتَلَ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ أَعْظَمُ دَرَجَةً مِّنَ الَّذِينَ أَنفَقُوا مِن بَعْدُ وَقَاتَلُوا
“Those of you who donated and fought before the victory (i.e., the Conquest of Makkah) are unparalleled. They are far greater in rank than those who donated and fought afterwards.”
Cited for those who believed and fought before the Conquest of Makkah, such as Uthman ibn Talha, Amr ibn al-As, and Khalid ibn al-Walid.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا عَدُوِّي وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِم بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَقَدْ كَفَرُوا بِمَا جَاءَكُم مِّنَ الْحَقِّ يُخْرِجُونَ الرَّسُولَ وَإِيَّاكُمْ ۙ أَن تُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ رَبِّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ خَرَجْتُمْ جِهَادًا فِي سَبِيلِي وَابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِي ۚ تُسِرُّونَ إِلَيْهِم بِالْمَوَدَّةِ وَأَنَا أَعْلَمُ بِمَا أَخْفَيْتُمْ وَمَا أَعْلَنتُمْ ۚ وَمَن يَفْعَلْهُ مِنكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَاءَ السَّبِيلِ
“O believers! Do not take My enemies and yours as trusted allies, showing them affection even though they deny what has come to you of the Truth. They drove the Messenger and yourselves out [of Makkah], simply for your belief in Allah, your Lord. If you [truly] emigrated to struggle in My cause and seek My pleasure, [then do not take them as allies,] disclosing secrets [of the believers] to the pagans out of affection for them, when I know best whatever you conceal and whatever you reveal. And whoever of you does this has truly strayed from the Right Way.”
Revealed after Hatib ibn Abi Balta'ah RA's letter to the Quraysh was intercepted and he was pardoned.
“Indeed, to Allah belongs all honor and power.”
Cited by the lecturer reflecting on the Quraysh's reversal of fortune at the Conquest.
“Indeed, when He wants something to be, He simply says, "Be," and it is.”
Cited by the lecturer as a reflection on Allah's qadr in orchestrating Abu Sufyan ibn Harb's conversion.
وَرَأَيْتَ النَّاسَ يَدْخُلُونَ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ أَفْوَاجًا
“And you [O Prophet] see the people embracing Allah's Way in crowds.”
This ayah is part of Surah an-Nasr, understood by the vast majority of mufassirin as describing the mass conversions that followed this event, the Conquest of Makkah.
وَمَن يُرِدْ فِيهِ بِإِلْحَادٍ بِظُلْمٍ نُّذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
“And whoever intends therein [in the Haram] [a deed] of deviation [in religion] or wrongdoing, We will make him taste of a painful punishment.”
Cited by the lecturer alongside the Prophet ﷺ's sermon on the sanctity of the Haram.
إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ
“When Allah's [ultimate] help comes and the victory [over Makkah is achieved],”
Surah al-Nasr was revealed about the Conquest of Makkah.
وَرَأَيْتَ النَّاسَ يَدْخُلُونَ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ أَفْوَاجًا
“And you [O Prophet] see the people embracing Allah's Way in crowds.”
Surah al-Nasr was revealed about the Conquest of Makkah.
فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَاسْتَغْفِرْهُ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ تَوَّابًا
“Then glorify the praises of your Lord and seek His forgiveness, for certainly He is ever Accepting of Repentance.”
Surah al-Nasr was revealed about the Conquest of Makkah.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَن تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهَا
“Indeed, Allah commands you to return trusts to their rightful owners.”
This is a well-known asbab al-nuzul: this ayah on returning trusts to those entitled to them was revealed regarding this exact moment -- the Prophet ﷺ returning the Ka'bah's key to Uthman ibn Talha rather than keeping it.
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَىٰ أَن لَّا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا يَزْنِينَ وَلَا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ وَلَا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ يَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ ۙ فَبَايِعْهُنَّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
“O Prophet! When the believing women come to you, pledging to you that they will neither associate anything with Allah [in worship], nor steal, nor fornicate, nor kill their children, nor falsely attribute [illegitimate] children to their husbands, nor disobey you in what is right, then accept their pledge, and ask Allah to forgive them. Surely Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.”
This is the Bay'at al-Nisa ayah (Q60:12), the terms of the pledge the Prophet ﷺ is taking in the post from the women of Makkah after the conquest.
جَاءَ الْحَقُّ وَزَهَقَ الْبَاطِلُ ۚ إِنَّ الْبَاطِلَ كَانَ زَهُوقًا
“Truth has come, and falsehood has departed. Indeed is falsehood, [by nature], ever bound to depart.”
The post directly quotes this ayah (Q17:81), recited verbatim by the Prophet ﷺ while toppling the idols around the Ka'bah.
مَا كَانَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ يَهُودِيًّا وَلَا نَصْرَانِيًّا وَلَٰكِن كَانَ حَنِيفًا مُّسْلِمًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ
“Ibrahim was neither Yahudi nor Nasrani. Rather, he was a pure hanif that was a Muslim; and he was not of the pagans.”
The post is a near-verbatim recitation of this ayah (Q3:67), describing Ibrahim (AS) as a pure hanif who was neither Jewish nor Christian.