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A study companion for the Seerah of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, drawn from Sheikh Yasir Qadhi’s lecture series and the classical sources it cites.

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Makkah

Hijaz

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The city of the Ka'bah; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.

Places20

Ajyad(valley)Al-Aqaba(other)Al-Bat'ha(other)Al-Hujun(grave)al-Watir(battlefield)Arafah(other)Dar al-Arqam(house)Dar al-Nadwa(other)Ghar Hira' (Cave of Hira)(cave)Ghar Thawr (Cave of Thawr)(cave)Hijr Ismail(other)Marr al-Zahran(valley)Marwa(other)Mina(other)Safa(mountain)Tan'im(other)The House of Abdullah ibn Jud'an(house)The Ka'bah(other)Valley of Abu Talib (Shi'b Abi Talib)(valley)Wadi Sarif(valley)

Events here128

Ibrahim AS Establishes the Sacred Rites of Makkah

EventDetails differ

Amr ibn Luhay al-Khuza'i Introduces Idolatry to Arabia

Qusayy's Takeover of Makkah from Khuza'a

Paganistic Practices in Pre-Islamic Arabia

Hashim Institutes the Winter and Summer Trade Journeys

~late 5th century CE

Rediscovery of Zamzam by Abdul Muttalib

Abdul Muttalib's Vow to Sacrifice Abdullah

MarriageDetails differ

Marriage of Abdullah ibn Abdul Muttalib and Aminah bint Wahab

~Shortly before 570 CE (the Year of the Elephant)

Birth of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ

~12 Rabi' al-Awwal (traditional), Year of the Elephant (c. 570 CE)·debatedDate debatedAll agree he was born on a Monday (Sahih Muslim); the day of the month is disputed. Ibn Kathir (al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya) lists, within Rabi' al-Awwal: the 2nd (Ibn Abd al-Barr; al-Waqidi from Abu Ma'shar); the 8th (reported by Malik, Uqayl and Yunus from al-Zuhri from Muhammad ibn Jubayr ibn Mut'im, held by Ibn Hazm and al-Khwarizmi, and preferred by Ibn Dihyah); the 10th (Ibn Asakir from Abu Ja'far al-Baqir, and al-Sha'bi); the 12th (stated by Ibn Ishaq and reported by Ibn Abi Shaybah from Jabir RA and Ibn Abbas RA), which he calls the best known view of the majority; the 17th, which he rejects; and the 22nd. He also cites al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar for the 12th of Ramadan, a view he doubts.

Abraha's Expedition Against the Ka'bah (Incident of the Elephant)

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ on Abdul Muttalib's Platform

~Childhood, c. 576 CE

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and the Lost Camels

~Age 7-8, c. 577 CE

DeathDetails differ

Death of Abdul Muttalib

~Age 8, c. 578 CE

The Pact of the Four Hunafa'

The Prophet ﷺ Works as a Shepherd

~in his boyhood, sometime between about ages 9 and 15

The Fijar Wars (Harb al-Fijar)

~as a teenager, between about ages 15 and 18 (most likely around 15)

Hilf al-Fudul (Pact of Fudul)

~in the Prophet's ﷺ early 20s (age 20), during Dhu al-Qa'dah

Quss ibn Sa'ida Preaches Against Idolatry at Makkah

Muhammad ﷺ Shepherds for Khadija RA's Sister

~c. 594 CE, when the Prophet ﷺ was in his mid-twenties

Zayd ibn Amr ibn Nufayl Rejects the Idolatry of the Quraysh

MarriageDetails differ

Marriage of Muhammad ﷺ and Khadija bint Khuwaylid RA

~Month of Safar, c. 595 CE, three months after the return from Bosra

Marriage of Zayd ibn Harithah and Ummi Ayman

Rebuilding of the Ka'bah

~c. 605 CE, when the Prophet ﷺ was around 35 (about ten years after his marriage to Khadija RA)

Adoption of Zayd ibn Harithah

~Before the advent of revelation

Beginning of Revelation in the Cave of Hira

~Last ten nights of Ramadan, a Monday (Laylat al-Qadr) -- c. 610 CE·debatedDate debatedThe precise night within the last ten of Ramadan (Laylat al-Qadr) is not fixed by this account.

RevelationDate debated

The Second Revelation (Surah al-Muddaththir)

Revelation of Surah al-Kawthar

~Early Makkan period, after the start of revelation

Amr ibn Abasah's Journey to Islam

The Conversion of Abdullah ibn Mas'ud

Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas's Mother Tries to Turn Him from Islam

The Early Converts to Islam

~The first years of the dawah, c. 610-613 CE

The Prophet ﷺ's Meeting with Suwayd ibn al-Samit

~early years of dawah in Makkah, before the Battle of Bu'ath

The Prophet ﷺ's Private Feast to Banu Hashim

~c. three years after the start of revelation

The Public Proclamation at Mount Safa

~c. a few days/weeks after the feast to Banu Hashim

The Gathering at the House of al-Arqam

~Middle of the 3rd / beginning of the 4th year of the dawah (c. 613 CE)

Al-Walid ibn al-Mughira Hears the Qur'an and Praises It

An Unnamed Young Man of the Khazraj Nearly Converts

~early years of dawah in Makkah, before the Battle of Bu'ath

The Quraysh's False Accusations Against the Prophet ﷺ

Quraysh's First Delegation to Abu Talib

~shortly after the open dawah began

The Prophet ﷺ Recovers a Man's Debt from Abu Jahal

The Quraysh Demand a Miracle from the Prophet ﷺ

The Entrails Incident at the Ka'bah

~During the years of public persecution in Makkah (c. 613-615 CE)

Abu Jahal's Foiled Attack on the Prophet ﷺ in Sajdah

~During the years of public persecution in Makkah (c. 613-615 CE)

The Quraysh's Request to Turn Mount Safa into Gold

Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt Attempts to Strangle the Prophet ﷺ

~During the years of public persecution in Makkah (c. 613-615 CE)

Birth of Usama ibn Zayd

Torture of the Early Muslims by the Quraysh

~c. 614 CE (Meccan period)

Three Quraysh Chiefs Secretly Listen to the Prophet's ﷺ Night Recitation

PersecutionDetails differ

A Woman of the Quraysh Mocks a Pause in Revelation

Ibn Mas'ud's Public Recitation of Surah al-Rahman at the Ka'bah

Abu Jahal Pressures Al-Walid ibn al-Mughira to Denounce the Qur'an

Uthman ibn Maz'un Renounces His Protection

~Around the time of the return from the first Abyssinian emigration

Khabbab's Complaint to the Prophet ﷺ in the Shade of the Ka'bah

~c. 615 CE (Meccan period)

Torture of Khabbab ibn al-Aratt

~c. 615 CE (Meccan period)

Ammar ibn Yasir's Confession at Dar al-Arqam

~c. 615 CE (Meccan period)

Abu Jahal's Objection to the Poor Believers

~c. 615 CE (Meccan period)

The First Emigration to Abyssinia

~Rajab, 5th year of the dawah (c. 615 CE)

Utbah ibn Rabi'ah's Bribery Attempt and Recitation of Surah Fussilat

A Quraysh Meeting at Abu Talib's House Offers "One Word"

~c. 615 CE·debatedDate debatedThe exact chronology of this negotiation is uncertain: some narrations place it at the beginning of the dawah, others (including this account, which involves Abu Talib directly) place it on his deathbed shortly before his death.

Conversion of Dimad al-Azdi

~During the Makkan period, before the Hijrah (exact year unknown)

Return of the Emigrants from Abyssinia on a False Rumor

~Shawwal, 5th year of the dawah (c. 615 CE)

The Quraysh's Bargain Proposal to Abu Talib

~after Quraysh's first delegation to Abu Talib

Ubay ibn Khalaf's Taunt and the Prophet's ﷺ Prophecy

~Meccan period (pre-Hijrah)

Abu Jahal and Abu Lahab Warn Pilgrims Against the Prophet ﷺ

SermonDetails differ

Recitation of Surah al-Najm and the Prostration of the Quraysh

~Ramadan, 5th year of the dawah (c. 615 CE)

Abu Salama's Protection under Abu Talib

~Around the time of the return from the first Abyssinian emigration

DeathDetails differ

Martyrdom of Yasir and Sumayyah

~c. 615 CE (Meccan period)

The Quraysh's Offer to Alternate Worship with the Prophet ﷺ

A Physician Seeks to "Cure" the Prophet ﷺ and Converts

The Quraysh's Quiz on the Family of Ya'qub

~c. 615 CE (Meccan period)

Jibril Conveys Glad Tidings to Khadija RA

~During the years of revelation in Makkah, before Khadija RA's passing in 619 CE

RevelationWeak chain

The Three Questions and the Revelation of Surah al-Kahf

~c. 615 CE (Meccan period)

Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt's Mock Invitation and the Prophet ﷺ's Prophecy

~Meccan period (pre-Hijrah)

Torture of Bilal ibn Rabah

~c. 615 CE (Meccan period)

Abu Bakr's Wager with Ubay ibn Khalaf over the Prophecy of Surah al-Rum

~Middle of the Makkan period, c. 6th-7th year of the dawah (resolved 8½ years later, on the day of the Battle of Badr, 2 AH / 624 CE)

Conversion of Hamzah ibn Abdul Muttalib

~6th year of the dawah (c. 616 CE)

Conversion of Umar ibn al-Khattab

~Dhu al-Hijjah, 6th year of the dawah (c. 616 CE)

BoycottDetails differ

The Boycott of Banu Hashim & Banu al-Muttalib

~7th to 10th year of the dawah (c. 617-620 CE)

Conversion of Tufayl ibn Amr al-Dawsi

~7th year of the dawah (Makkan period)

Quraysh Assassination Plot Against the Prophet ﷺ

~8th-9th year of the dawah (c. 618-619 CE)

The Prophet ﷺ's Approach to Banu Shayban ibn Tha'laba

~10th year of the dawah

Death of Khadija bint Khuwaylid RA

~10th of Ramadan, 10th year of the dawah (c. 620 CE)

Marriage of the Prophet ﷺ and Sawda bint Zam'a

~Shawwal, 10th year of the dawah (c. 620 CE)

The Prophet ﷺ's Approach to the Tribe of Kindah

~10th year of the dawah

Mut'im ibn Adi Grants the Prophet ﷺ Protection

~About ten days after being driven out of Ta'if (c. 620 CE)

The Prophet ﷺ's Encounter with Rabi'ah ibn Abbad's Father at Hajj

~10th year of the dawah

Abu Lahab Takes Over the Banu Hashim and Withdraws His Protection

~Shortly after the death of Abu Talib, 10th year of the dawah (c. 620 CE)

The Prophet ﷺ's First Meeting with Six Men of the Khazraj at Aqaba

~10th year of the dawah

Death of Abu Talib

~when the Prophet ﷺ was around 50 years old

The First Covenant of Aqaba

~11th year of the dawah, c. 2 years before the Hijrah

The Prophet ﷺ's Search for a Protecting Tribe at Hajj

~10th year of the dawah

The Quraysh Learn of al-Isra

~The morning after al-Isra, c. one year before the Hijrah

The Prophet ﷺ's Vision of the Land of Emigration

The Second Covenant of Aqaba

~12th year of the dawah, a few months before the Hijrah

Emigration of Abu Salama's Family to Madinah

Capture of Ayyash ibn Abi Rabi'ah and Hisham ibn al-As

The Day of the Hijrah: Final Preparations at Abu Bakr RA's House

Monday, 26 Safar, 13th year of the dawah / 1st year of the Hijrah

MigrationDetails differ

Three Nights in the Cave of Thawr

~Three nights, 13th year of the dawah

Emigration of Umar ibn al-Khattab to Madinah

PersecutionDetails differ

The Quraysh Plot to Assassinate the Prophet ﷺ at Dar al-Nadwa

Monday, 26 Safar, 13th year of the dawah / 1st year of the Hijrah

Attack on Fatima and Ummi Kulthum During Their Journey to Madinah

~During the general emigration of the Prophet ﷺ's household to Madinah (c. 1 AH)

The Prophet ﷺ Tells Abu Bakr RA to Await Permission to Emigrate

~Several months before the Hijrah, 13th year of the dawah

MigrationDetails differ

The Night of the Hijrah: Departure from the Prophet ﷺ's House

Monday night, 26 Safar, 13th year of the dawah / 1st year of the Hijrah

Sa'd ibn Mu'adh Warns Umayyah ibn Khalaf

~After the Hijrah, before the Battle of Badr

Sa'd ibn Mu'adh's Confrontation with Abu Jahal

~Around 1 AH, roughly a year before the Battle of Badr

Rescue of Ayyash ibn Abi Rabi'ah and Hisham ibn al-As

Umm Salama's Journey to Madinah

PersecutionDetails differ

The Attack on Zaynab bint Muhammad ﷺ During Her Journey to Madinah

~About one month after Badr, 2 AH

Death of Junda' ibn Damura

~Early Madani period (c. 622-625 CE)

DeathDetails differ

Death of Abu Lahab

~Shortly after the Battle of Badr, 2 AH / 624 CE

Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf's Alliance with Abu Sufyan

~Shortly after Badr, 2 AH (c. 624 CE)

Death of Ubay ibn Khalaf

~Shortly after Uhud, 3 AH

Marriage of Uthman ibn Affan and Ummi Kulthum bint Muhammad ﷺ

Abu Sufyan's Kidnapping of Sa'd ibn al-Nu'man

~Several months after Badr, 2 AH

Banu Bakr's Raid on the Khuza'a at al-Watir

~8 AH, shortly before Ramadan

Custody Dispute over Umara bint Hamzah

~Dhu al-Qa'dah, 7 AH

~Dhu al-Qa'dah, 7 AH

Conversion of Khalid ibn al-Walid, Amr ibn al-As, and Uthman ibn Talha

~Dhu al-Qa'dah 7 AH, shortly after Umrah al-Qada

Abu Sufyan ibn Harb RA's Overnight Camp and Conversion at Marr al-Zahran

Safwan ibn Umayyah's Protection and Conversion at the Conquest of Makkah

~8 AH, Conquest of Makkah

ExpeditionDetails differ

Conquest of Makkah

~c. 630 CE, 25 years after the Ka'bah's rebuilding

The First Public Hajj After the Conquest, Led by Attab ibn Asid RA (8 AH)

~Dhul Hijjah, 8 AH

InstitutionReadings differ

The Hajj of Abu Bakr RA (9 AH)

~Dhul Hijjah, 9 AH

The Sermon of Arafah (Khutbat al-Wada')

~9 Dhu al-Hijjah, 10 AH (Friday)

The Farewell Pilgrimage: Correction of the Months

~10 AH (c. 632 CE)

Hajjat al-Wada' (the Farewell Hajj)

Suhayl ibn Amr Calms Makkah After the Prophet's ﷺ Death

~Shortly after the death of the Prophet ﷺ (11 AH)

A Kharijite Questions Ibn Umar About Uthman ibn Affan

~During the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan RA, shortly before his death (c. 35 AH)

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