Muhammad ﷺ

محمد

Born: ~570 CE

Part ofThe Prophets · The Seal of the Prophets

Muhammad ﷺ is the final Messenger of Allah ﷺ, born in Makkah in the Year of the Elephant, whose prophethood was decreed before the soul of Adam AS was joined to his body. Named Muhammad ﷺ and Ahmad, both meaning "praised," he also called himself al-Mahi, through whom Allah erases disbelief, al-Hashir, before whom mankind will be gathered, and al-Aqib, after whom there is no prophet. Alone among the prophets he was sent to all of humanity and to the jinn, given the Qur'an as a living miracle and the Night Journey and Ascension. He is the leader of the children of Adam: while every earlier prophet used his one guaranteed du'a in this world, he saved his to intercede for his ummah, and on the Day of Judgment, when the other prophets excuse themselves, he will say "Ana laha" and be given the Praiseworthy Station.

His Companions described him as of medium height with broad shoulders and thick hair, a face that shone like the sun or the full moon, and hands softer than silk; Amr ibn al-As RA said he could not look at him directly out of awe. Though he came to lead much of Arabia, he lived simply, sleeping on leather stuffed with palm fibre, and never refused a request. Anas ibn Malik RA, who served him for ten years, said he was never once rebuked. The Qur'an describes him as one who feels the hardship of his people, eager for their good, and full of compassion and mercy toward the believers [9:128].

All 338 events

~7BCE

~570CE

Order within 570 isn’t recorded · listed A–Z

~574CE

~576CE

Order within 576 isn’t recorded · listed A–Z

~577CE

~578CE

~580CE

~582CE

~585CE

~590CE

~594CE

Order within 594 isn’t recorded · listed A–Z

~595CE

~605CE

~606CE

Unknowndate

~638CE

~656~35 AH

~657~37 AH

Order within 657 isn’t recorded · listed A–Z

Family

Ancestors

A
Adam AS
Ancestor · Father of all mankind; Jibril AS introduced him to the Prophet ﷺ during al-Mi'raj as "your father Adam."
Adnan
Ancestor · The Prophet ﷺ is, without difference of scholarly opinion, the 20th-generation descendant of Adnan.
No shared events
I
Ibrahim AS
Ancestor · Distant ancestor via the line of Ismail AS; Jibril AS introduced him to the Prophet ﷺ during al-Mi'raj as "your father Ibrahim," and the Prophet ﷺ is described as his closest resemblance among all creation.
Qusayy ibn Kilab
Ancestor · The Prophet ﷺ's great-great-great-grandfather (Episode 76).
No shared events

Grandparents

Abdul Muttalib
Grandfather · Raised Muhammad ﷺ after his mother Aminah's death.

Parents

Abdullah ibn Abdul Muttalib
Father
No shared events
Aminah bint Wahab
Mother
Halimah al-Sa'diyah
Foster Mother
The husband of Halimah al-Sa'diyah· Unnamed
Foster Father · Co-fostered Muhammad ﷺ together with his wife Halimah al-Sa'diyah.

Spouses

Aisha RA
Wife · Married before this point; her house was one of only two wives' houses built adjoining Masjid al-Nabawi, and the only one the Prophet ﷺ actually spent the night in.
Fatima bint al-Dahhak
Wife · Marriage dissolved on the wedding night, before consummation.
Hafsa bint Umar RA
Wife · Married in Sha'ban of 3 AH, before Uhud, by Ibn Sa'd's report; the reports that have Khunays RA die after Uhud place it around the 4th year.
Juwayriyya bint al-Harith RA
Wife
Khadija bint Khuwaylid RA
Wife
Maymunah bint al-Harith RA
Wife · Married after Umrah al-Qada, 7 AH; the last wife the Prophet ﷺ married.
Safiyyah bint Huyayy RA
Wife · Married the Prophet ﷺ after the conquest of Khaybar (later episode); noted here as her father Huyayy ibn Akhtab is discussed.
Sawda bint Zam'a RA
Wife · Married before this point; her house was one of only two wives' houses built adjoining Masjid al-Nabawi.

Siblings

Abu Salama RA
Foster Brother · Cousin · Foster brothers: Thuwaybah nursed Abu Salamah RA as well as the Prophet ﷺ, who called Abu Salamah his brother through nursing. Cousin of the Prophet ﷺ through his mother, a sister of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib (the Prophet ﷺ's father).
Hamzah ibn Abdul Muttalib RA
Foster Brother · Uncle · Foster brothers: Thuwaybah, the mawlah of Abu Lahab, nursed Hamzah RA before the Prophet ﷺ, and the Prophet ﷺ said, "Hamzah is my brother through nursing."
Shayma
Foster Sister
The infant son of Halimah al-Sa'diyah· Unnamed
Foster Brother

Children

Abdullah
Son
Al-Qasim
Son
No shared events
Fatima RA
Daughter
Ibrahim
Son
Ruqayyah RA
Daughter
No shared events
Umar ibn Abi Salama RA
Stepchild · The Prophet ﷺ's stepson through his marriage to Umm Salama.
No shared events
Ummi Kulthum RA
Daughter
No shared events
Zayd ibn Harithah RA
Freed slave (mawla) · Adopted Child · Gifted to him by Khadija RA upon their marriage; later freed and adopted him. Publicly freed and adopted Zayd at the Hijr Ismail; Zayd was known as Zayd ibn Muhammad ﷺ until Surah al-Ahzab, verse 5 was revealed.

Grandchildren

Hasan RA
Grandson · Hasan RA, born to his daughter Fatima RA.
Husayn RA
Grandson

Descendants

Ali ibn al-Husayn
Descendant · Ali ibn al-Husayn is described as the great-grandson of the Prophet ﷺ.
No shared events

Other relatives

Abdullah ibn Abi Umayyah RA
Cousin · Adversary · First cousin through his mother Atikah bint Abdul Muttalib, the Prophet ﷺ's paternal aunt. Interjected alongside Abu Jahal to stop Abu Talib from saying the kalimah on his deathbed
Abdullah ibn Jahsh RA
Cousin
Abu Ayyub al-Ansari RA
Relative · Roughly the Prophet ﷺ's 6th cousin, via shared descent through Banu al-Najjar: the Prophet ﷺ's great-grandmother was of Banu Adi ibn al-Najjar.
Abu Lahab
Adversary · Uncle
Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith RA
Cousin · First cousin through his father al-Harith ibn Abdul Muttalib, the Prophet ﷺ's paternal uncle.
Abu Talib
Uncle · Entrusted with Muhammad ﷺ's care by Abdul Muttalib on his deathbed, raising him in his own household.
Al-Abbas RA
Uncle
al-Aswad ibn al-Muttalib
Relative · A distant uncle of the Prophet ﷺ.

Other connections

Companionship & friendship · 110

A man who asked about fasting on Mondays RA· Unnamed
Companion · Asked the Prophet ﷺ why he fasted on Mondays.
Qubath ibn Ashyam RA
Companion
Suwayd ibn Ghafala
Companion
Anas ibn Malik RA
Companion
Abu Bakr RA
Companion · Abu Bakr RA affirmed the Prophet ﷺ's account of al-Isra without hesitation.
Amr ibn Abasah al-Sulami RA
Companion
Al-Arqam ibn Abi al-Arqam RA
Companion
Suwayd ibn al-Samit
Companion · The poet of the Khazraj; met the Prophet ﷺ at hajj during the early Makkan dawah and heard him recite the Qur'an. Killed at the Battle of Bu'ath before openly professing Islam, though his people later said they were certain he died a Muslim.

Teaching & learning · 1

Uthman ibn Abi al-As RA
Student · Studied the Qur'an with the Prophet ﷺ during the Thaqif delegation's stay in Madinah

Protection & guardianship · 3

Mut'im ibn Adi
Protector (Jiwar) · Granted the Prophet ﷺ protection (jiwar) after the Incident of Ta'if.
Al-Bara ibn Ma'rur RA
Protector (Jiwar) · At the Second Covenant of Aqaba, first to pledge that the Yathribis would protect the Prophet ﷺ as their own.
Safwan ibn Umayyah RA
Protected (Jiwar) · Adversary · Granted Safwan aman (protection) at Umayr ibn Wahab's request at the Conquest of Makkah. Financed and instigated Umayr ibn Wahab's plot to assassinate the Prophet ﷺ after Badr; later accepted Islam at the Conquest of Makkah.

Household & service · 6

Abdullah ibn Urayqit
Hired · Hired as a Bedouin guide to lead the Prophet ﷺ and Abu Bakr RA from the Cave of Thawr to Madinah.
Yasar
Freed slave (mawla) · Freed by the Prophet ﷺ after being captured at Qarqarat al-Kudr, since he never kept a male slave; chose to remain at his side as a servant after being freed.
Rayhana bint Zayd
Freed slave (mawla) · Offered freedom and marriage after the fall of Banu Qurayza; per the majority of accounts she declined and chose to remain as his milk al-yamin rather than accept the marriage (a minority report says she accepted).
Maria bint Sham'un RA
Concubine (Milk al-Yamin) · Milk al-yamin (concubine), not a wife or Mother of the Believers; became umm al-walad after bearing Ibrahim.
Abu Muwayhiba RA
Freed slave (mawla)
Safina RA
Freed slave (mawla)

Leadership & dealings · 1

A Jew of Madinah Who Held the Prophet ﷺ's Armor· Unnamed
Creditor · Lent the Prophet ﷺ 30 sa' of barley, holding his armor as collateral.

Adversaries · 21

Al-As ibn Wa'il
Adversary
Abu Jahl
Adversary
Al-Walid ibn al-Mughira
Adversary
Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt
Adversary · Choked the Prophet ﷺ with his garment; dumped camel entrails on him during sajdah; cursed by name by the Prophet ﷺ.
Abu Sufyan ibn Harb RA
Adversary
Shaybah ibn Rabi'ah
Adversary · Named among those cursed by the Prophet ﷺ after the entrails incident; died at the Battle of Badr.
Umayyah ibn Khalaf
Adversary · Named among those cursed by the Prophet ﷺ after the entrails incident; died at the Battle of Badr.
Ubay ibn Khalaf
Adversary · Killed by the Prophet ﷺ personally at the Battle of Uhud.