Can we have a treaty or not?
Relaying, as emissary, the opening question of the delegation of Thaqif.
Yes, if you embrace Islam, we can have a treaty.
~Ramadan, 9 AH · 9 AH
In brief
In Ramadan 9 AH the chiefs of Thaqif, the last pagans of the Hejaz, came to Madinah together, afraid to come singly after their people had shot Urwah ibn Mas'ud for calling them to Islam. They greeted the Prophet ﷺ rudely and he housed them in a tent in the mosque and negotiated through Khalid ibn Sa'id for ten days. They gave up riba, zina and wine, reasoning that the Companions had; asked for years before al-Lat was destroyed and got none, but were spared having to do it themselves; were refused any excuse from prayer or wudu; and were excused zakat and jihad, of which the Prophet ﷺ said afterwards that faith would make them do both. They embraced Islam, fasted the end of Ramadan with him so cautiously that Bilal had to reassure them at suhur and iftar, and went home under their youngest member, Uthman ibn Abi al-As, who had spent the fortnight learning Qur'an.
A major fiqh discussion arises from the Prophet ﷺ first excusing Thaqif from zakat and jihad and then, days later, declaring they would in fact be obligated: some scholars read this as a prophetic exception unique to the Prophet ﷺ, who knew by revelation that Iman would soon fill their hearts; others read it as showing a Muslim leader may accept imperfect conditions from new converts temporarily before enforcing full Islam. There was, however, no compromise offered on tawhid or salah. The episode illustrates a broader principle of leniency toward new converts: overlooking (without ever justifying) what is not yet correct in their practice while their Iman is still weak, trusting that it will grow with time.
The Expedition of Tabuk·Chapter 11 of 15Thaqif comes in
See the whole storyThe Year of Delegations·Chapter 3 of 15Thaqif
See the whole storyThe siege was lifted with a prayer for their guidance; the Thaqif came to Madinah the next Ramadan.
The killing of their own chief when he preached to them brought the Thaqif to terms.
Other events recorded in 9 AH. Their order within the year is not established; use the storyline above for the sequence.
Riba, zina, wine, al-Lat, and no excuse from prayer.
Can we have a treaty or not?
Relaying, as emissary, the opening question of the delegation of Thaqif.
Yes, if you embrace Islam, we can have a treaty.
We have heard that riba is not allowed.
Allah has forbidden riba.
But all of our money is riba.
You get back your principal: the original amount.
How about zina? We are merchants and we travel a lot, so we need to do zina.
Allah has forbidden zina.
How about our idol, al-Lat?
It shall be destroyed.
Give us some time before it is destroyed: three years... two years... one year... down to a single month.
No. You do not get any time at all.
Fine, but we cannot be the ones to destroy it ourselves.
You don't have to. We will take charge of that.
We cannot bow our backs down because of the cold weather, so can you forgive us from the salah?
There is no good in any religion that has no salah in it.
Okay, forgive us from wudu, then: Ta'if gets very cold.
Then forgive us from zakat and jihad.
You are forgiven from zakat and jihad.
They shall give zakat and they shall go for jihad.
Said to the Companions a few days later, once the delegation of Thaqif had already departed.
Bilal reassures them at suhur and at iftar.
I have just come, and even the Prophet ﷺ is still eating.
The newly-converted delegates of Thaqif, cautious in their new practice, protested at suhur that the sun had already risen.
I have come to you only after the Prophet ﷺ broke his fast.
At iftar, the delegates hesitated to eat, saying the sun had not yet set.
Uthman ibn Abi al-As, who spent the fortnight learning Qur'an.
The youngest of the delegation of Thaqif; embraced Islam before the rest of the group and spent his days studying the Qur'an with the Prophet ﷺ and Islam with Abu Bakr RA, rather than sitting with the elders in their guest tent.
Why don't you make Uthman their leader?
Appointed leader of the delegation of Thaqif by the Prophet ﷺ, on Abu Bakr RA's suggestion, despite being its youngest member.
The post directly references this ayah's prohibition of zina, cited to the Thaqif delegation.
Thematically resonant with Thaqif's refusal to bow in salah, though this Makkan-era ayah predates the 9 AH incident by years and is not its asbab al-nuzul.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَيْسِرُ وَالْأَنصَابُ وَالْأَزْلَامُ رِجْسٌ مِّنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ
“O believers! Intoxicants, gambling, idols, and drawing lots for decisions, are all evil of satan's handiwork. So shun them so you may be successful”
Quran 5:90 (khamr prohibition, already-revealed) was quoted back to Thaqif when they asked to keep drinking khamr.