~During Mus'ab ibn Umayr RA's mission in Yathrib, before the Second Covenant of Aqaba
Within a few weeks of Mus'ab ibn Umayr RA arriving in Yathrib to teach, around 40 people had converted. The Prophet ﷺ then permitted them to establish Salat al-Jumu'ah. The first Friday sermon in the history of Islam was delivered, not by the Prophet ﷺ himself, since the Muslims of Makkah could not yet pray publicly, but by Mus'ab ibn Umayr RA, at the house of As'ad ibn Zurarah, who was hosting him.
The first congregational Friday prayer and sermon in Islamic history, and the origin of a later fiqh discussion over the minimum number needed for Jumu'ah (the Hanbali madhhab cites the 40 converts of this occasion, though the lecture notes the number may be coincidental).
Other events recorded around the same time. Their order within the year is not established; use the storyline above for the sequence.
Nothing recorded for this event yet.
فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَانتَشِرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَابْتَغُوا مِن فَضْلِ اللَّهِ
“And when the prayer has been concluded, disperse within the land and seek from the bounty of Allah.”
Surah Al-Jumu'ah 62:10 legislates the core structure of Salat al-Jumu'ah -- hastening to the prayer and dispersing to seek Allah's bounty afterward -- the very practice this event marks the historical institution of: the first Salat al-Jumu'ah ever prayed in Islam, led by Mus'ab ibn Umayr RA in Yathrib before the Prophet ﷺ's own arrival.