عبدُ الله بن أبيٍّ ابنُ سَلُولَ
Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul was the leading man of the Khazraj, who had expected to rule Yathrib until the Prophet ﷺ's arrival, and who became the leader of the hypocrites after outwardly accepting Islam. He defended his old allies Banu Qaynuqa, withdrew a third of the army before Uhud, encouraged Banu al-Nadir to resist, insulted the Muhajirun on the expedition to Banu al-Mustaliq, which Surah al-Munafiqun exposed, and led the slander against Aisha RA. His son Abdullah RA was a sincere believer. When he died after Tabuk, the Prophet ﷺ prayed his funeral prayer, after which Allah forbade praying over hypocrites.
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فَتَرَى ٱلَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌۭ يُسَـٰرِعُونَ فِيهِمْ يَقُولُونَ نَخْشَىٰٓ أَن تُصِيبَنَا دَآئِرَةٌۭ ۚ فَعَسَى ٱللَّهُ أَن يَأْتِىَ بِٱلْفَتْحِ أَوْ أَمْرٍۢ مِّنْ عِندِهِۦ فَيُصْبِحُوا۟ عَلَىٰ مَآ أَسَرُّوا۟ فِىٓ أَنفُسِهِمْ نَـٰدِمِينَ
“You see those with sickness in their hearts racing for their guardianship, saying [in justification], "We fear a turn of fortune will strike us." But perhaps Allah will bring about [your] victory or another favor by His command, and they will regret what they have hidden in their hearts.”
Quotes his justification for allying with the Banu Qaynuqa out of fear of a turn of fortune.
“Do not call the Messenger like you call one another.”
Cited for his habit of addressing the Prophet ﷺ as "Ya Muhammad" rather than "Rasulullah."
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ نَافَقُوا۟ يَقُولُونَ لِإِخْوَٰنِهِمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ لَئِنْ أُخْرِجْتُمْ لَنَخْرُجَنَّ مَعَكُمْ وَلَا نُطِيعُ فِيكُمْ أَحَدًا أَبَدًۭا وَإِن قُوتِلْتُمْ لَنَنصُرَنَّكُمْ وَٱللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَـٰذِبُونَ
“Have you [O Prophet] not seen the hypocrites who say to their fellow disbelievers from the People of the Book, "If you are expelled, we will certainly leave with you, and we will never ever obey anyone against you. And if you are fought against, we will surely help you."? But Allah bears witness that they are truly liars.”
Allah quotes and exposes his secret promise to the Banu Nadir as a lie.
لَئِنْ أُخْرِجُوا۟ لَا يَخْرُجُونَ مَعَهُمْ وَلَئِن قُوتِلُوا۟ لَا يَنصُرُونَهُمْ وَلَئِن نَّصَرُوهُمْ لَيُوَلُّنَّ ٱلْأَدْبَـٰرَ ثُمَّ لَا يُنصَرُونَ
“Indeed, if they are expelled, the hypocrites will never leave with them. And if they are fought against, the hypocrites will never help them. And even if the hypocrites did so, they would certainly flee, then the disbelievers would be left with no help.”
Describes the hypocrites' failure to help the Banu Nadir as promised.
يَقُولُونَ لَئِن رَّجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الْأَعَزُّ مِنْهَا الْأَذَلَّ ۚ وَلِلَّهِ الْعِزَّةُ وَلِرَسُولِهِ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلَٰكِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
“They say, "If we return to Madinah, the honorable will definitely expel the inferior." But all honor and power belongs to Allah, His Messenger, and the believers, yet the hypocrites do not know”
Directly quotes his statement about the return to Madinah.
وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَىٰٓ أَحَدٍۢ مِّنْهُم مَّاتَ أَبَدًۭا وَلَا تَقُمْ عَلَىٰ قَبْرِهِۦٓ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَمَاتُوا۟ وَهُمْ فَـٰسِقُونَ
“And do not ever offer [funeral] prayers for any of their dead, nor stand by their grave [at burial], for they have lost faith in Allah and His Messenger and died rebellious”
Occasioned by the funeral prayer prayed for him.
اسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ أَوْ لَا تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ إِن تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ سَبْعِينَ مَرَّةً فَلَن يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْفَاسِقِينَ
“[It does not matter] whether you [O Prophet] pray for them to be forgiven or not. Even if you pray for their forgiveness seventy times, Allah will never forgive them. That is because they have lost faith in Allah and His Messenger. And Allah does not guide the rebellious people”
Occasioned by the funeral prayer prayed for him.